3.3.2. Font Data Nature

The intricate nature of font data structures presents a complexity that warrants thorough investigation. One must examine these typographic peculiarities – with all the enthusiasm of a bureaucrat counting paperclips – to determine precisely what neural networks must comprehend.

At the font-wide level, the data structure encompasses both identity parameters and technical specifications. The identity parameters establish the fundamental nomenclature and stylistic architecture of the typeface, including the systematic approach to family naming conventions and style variations. Technical specifications, meanwhile, govern the font’s functional characteristics through OpenType feature sets, global metrics configuration, hinting instructions, and variable font master coordination. The determination of language support scope defines the linguistic boundaries within which the typeface operates.

The glyph-level data structure comprises three fundamental aspects that define each character’s digital manifestation. The drawing of the glyph utilises Bézier paths with coordinated nodes and multiple splines whilst also incorporating transformed components through scaling, rotation and positioning operations. Essential metadata maintains the glyph’s Unicode values and both stylistic and OpenType features. The spacing mechanism determines metrics and manages kerning relationships between character pairs.

In a manner not dissimilar to the parliamentary system – though arguably more efficient – the font structure establishes an overarching legislative framework within which individual glyphs function as dutiful members, each serving their designated typographic constituencies with characteristic reserve.

The font format ecosystem accommodates diverse use cases through specialised file types. Design workflows are facilitated through native editor formats, including Glyphs 3 .glyphs, FontForge .sfd, UFO .ufo, and FontLab .vfj. For production distribution, both static and variable font technologies are supported. Static formats encompass OpenType .otf, TrueType .ttf, and Web Open Font Format .woff2. Variable font technology has been implemented within the OpenType, TrueType and WOFF2 specifications, enabling dynamic typographic experiences whilst maintaining backwards compatibility with existing font infrastructure.

The implications for neural network design necessitate a comprehensive understanding of font data structures. The system must grasp both hierarchical relationships and path interactions within the typeface architecture. This complexity bears a striking resemblance to the London Underground’s development – much as the Tube network evolved organically over centuries, incorporating seemingly illogical legacy connections, font data structures exhibit similarly intricate interdependencies that must be navigated with equal sophistication.

Table presents the font format ecosystem

Citation

If this work is useful for your research, please cite it as:

@phdthesis{paldia2025generative,
  title={Research and development of generative neural networks for type design},
  author={Paldia, Filip},
  year={2025},
  school={Academy of Fine Arts and Design in Bratislava},
  address={Bratislava, Slovakia},
  type={Doctoral thesis},
  url={https://lttrface.com/doctoral-thesis/},
  note={Department of Visual Communication, Studio Typo}
}